Navigating adolescence is tricky, especially with the temptations of smoking, alcohol, and drugs posing a threat to the health and futures of young people in Nigeria and across Africa.
A study by Esther Osemudiamen Okogbenin from the Department of Mental Health at Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital/Ambrose Alli University sheds light on this critical issue.
Okogbenin’s research reveals that the use of psychoactive substances among Nigerian adolescents has a lifetime prevalence rate ranging from 40.1% to 87.3%, with factors like being male and peer pressure significantly influencing these behaviors.
Explaining why teens succumb to these vices’ sheds light on broader societal and psychological issues. Insights from reputable doctors across the continent highlight the complexity of this issue and pave the way for effective interventions.
The allure of the forbidden plays a significant role in teen experimentation with smoking, alcohol, and drugs
Psychological appeal
Adetunji Obadeji and colleagues from the Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Ekiti State University, Nigeria, in one of their articles, point out, “The allure of the forbidden plays a significant role in teen experimentation with smoking, alcohol, and drugs.
“Adolescence is inherently a phase of exploration and pushing boundaries. The forbidden nature of these substances makes them particularly enticing.” This quest for autonomy often leads teens to underestimate the risks associated with these behaviors.
Peer pressure and the need for acceptance
Peer influence is a powerful force in the lives of teenagers. Dr. Joseph Mwangi, a Consultant Psychiatrist in Nairobi, Kenya, emphasizes, “The desire to fit in and be accepted by one’s peers can lead teenagers to engage in risky behaviors, including substance use.
When smoking or drinking is normalized within a peer group, the pressure to conform can be overwhelming.” This social dynamic can compel teens to prioritize group acceptance over their health and well-being.
Glamorized depictions of smoking, alcohol, and drug use in movies and social media can diminish teens’ awareness of the associated risks
Emotional turmoil and substance use
Adolescence is also marked by emotional confusion, making teens vulnerable to using smoking, alcohol, and drugs as coping mechanisms. Dr. Chibuzo Okonta, a general medical practitioner from Katsina, Nigeria, notes, “Many teens turn to substances as a way to deal with stress, anxiety, or depression.
“Unfortunately, this form of self-medication can lead to dependency, as it fails to address the root causes of their emotional distress.”
Family influence and environmental factors
The impact of the family environment cannot be understated. Dr. Fatoumata Diallo, a family physician in Dakar, Senegal, states, “Teens raised in households where substance use is commonplace are significantly more likely to experiment with these behaviors themselves. Additionally, a lack of parental supervision and communication can leave teens more susceptible to external influences.”
Providing teens with accurate information about the dangers of substance use is crucial
Media and cultural influences
The portrayal of substance use in media and popular culture also plays a crucial role in shaping teen perceptions. Dr. Megan A. Moreno, an associate professor at the University of Washington and at the Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Center for Child Health Behavior and Development, Seattle adds, “Glamorized depictions of smoking, alcohol, and drug use in movies and social media can diminish teens’ awareness of the associated risks, portraying these behaviors as both acceptable and consequence-free.”
Strategies for prevention and support
Addressing the allure of smoking, alcohol, and drugs among teens requires a comprehensive approach. Dr. Megan A. Moreno emphasizes the importance of education: “Providing teens with accurate information about the dangers of substance use is crucial. Schools and families must foster open dialogues that allow young people to express their concerns and receive guidance.”
Promoting emotional resilience and healthy coping strategies is also key. Dr. Chibuzo Okonta suggests, “Encouraging teens to engage in sports, arts, and community activities can offer positive outlets for stress and a sense of accomplishment outside of peer influences.”
Finally, building supportive relationships with teens is essential. Dr. Diallo concludes, “A trusted adult can be a vital source of support, offering guidance and a non-judgmental space for teens to navigate the challenges of adolescence.”
Conclusion
Tackling the issue of teen substance use in Nigeria and across Africa demands a multifaceted strategy. By understanding the underlying causes, promoting open communication, and fostering supportive environments, we can guide our youth toward healthier, more fulfilling paths.
